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The "witch of Agnesi" is a curve studied by Maria Agnesi in 1748 in her book Instituzioni analitiche ad uso della gioventù italiana (the first surviving mathematical work ...

A connective in logic known as the "exclusive or," or exclusive disjunction. It yields true if exactly one (but not both) of two conditions is true. The XOR operation does ...

De Grey (2018) found the first examples of unit-distance graphs with chromatic number 5, thus demonstrating that the solution to the Hadwiger-Nelson problem (i.e., the ...

A number of interesting graphs are associated with the work of van Cleemput and Zamfirescu (2018). Two 13- and 15-node graphs, denoted alpha and beta respectively, were used ...

A mental device used to aid memorization. Common mnemonics for mathematical constants such as e and pi consist of sentences in which the number of letters in each word give ...

The conjugate gradient method is not suitable for nonsymmetric systems because the residual vectors cannot be made orthogonal with short recurrences, as proved in Voevodin ...

Chebyshev iteration is a method for solving nonsymmetric problems (Golub and van Loan 1996, §10.1.5; Varga, 1962, Ch. 5). Chebyshev iteration avoids the computation of inner ...

Taking a connected graph or network with a high graph diameter and adding a very small number of edges randomly, the diameter tends to drop drastically. This is known as the ...

Parallel computing is the execution of a computer program utilizing multiple computer processors (CPU) concurrently instead of using one processor exclusively. Let T(n,1) be ...

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