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The zenith angle is an angle measured from the z-axis in spherical coordinates, denoted phi in this work. It is also known as the polar angle and colatitude.

A single axiom that is satisfied only by NAND or NOR must be of the form "something equals a," since otherwise constant functions would satisfy the equation. With up to six ...

Consider the solid enclosed by the three hyperboloids specified by the inequalities x^2+y^2-z^2 <= 1 (1) y^2+z^2-x^2 <= 1 (2) z^2+x^2-y^2 <= 1. (3) This work dubs this solid ...

The Goldner-Harary polyhedron is the term given in this work to the polyhedral embedding of the Goldner-Harary graph. This solid is an augmented triangular dipyramid, a ...

The divergence of a vector field F, denoted div(F) or del ·F (the notation used in this work), is defined by a limit of the surface integral del ·F=lim_(V->0)(∮_SF·da)/V (1) ...

The double bar symbol | is used to denote certain kinds of norms in mathematics (e.g., ||x|| or ||x||_2). It is also used to denote parallel lines, as in A∥B, and in an older ...

A graph with minimum vertex degree at least 5 is a line graph iff it does not contain any of the above six graphs, known in this work as Metelsky graphs, as an induced ...

The so-called Malthusian equation is an antiquated term for the equation N(t)=N_0e^(lambdat) describing exponential growth. The constant lambda is sometimes called the ...

Building on work of Huntington (1933ab), Robbins conjectured that the equations for a Robbins algebra, commutativity, associativity, and the Robbins axiom !(!(x v y) v !(x v ...

Let R be the set of all sets which are not members of themselves. Then R is neither a member of itself nor not a member of itself. Symbolically, let R={x:x not in x}. Then R ...