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The longest increasing (contiguous) subsequence of a given sequence is the subsequence of increasing terms containing the largest number of elements. For example, the longest ...

A longimeter is a transparent sheet of plastic with a regular grid of lines inclined at an angle of 30 degrees to the sides of the sheet. By counting the number of squares ...

Let I be a set, and let U be an ultrafilter on I, let phi be a formula of a given language L, and let {A_i:i in I} be any collection of structures which is indexed by the set ...

A lozenge (or rhombus) algorithm is a class of transformation that can be used to attempt to produce series convergence improvement (Hamming 1986, p. 207). The best-known ...

A Lucas polynomial sequence is a pair of generalized polynomials which generalize the Lucas sequence to polynomials is given by W_n^k(x) = ...

An n-step Lucas sequence {L_k^((n))}_(k=1)^infty is defined by letting L_k^((n))=-1 for k<0, L_0^((n))=n, and other terms according to the linear recurrence equation ...

A method for finding roots which defines P_j(x)=(P(x))/((x-x_1)...(x-x_j)), (1) so the derivative is (2) One step of Newton's method can then be written as ...

If one looks inside a flat origami without unfolding it, one sees a zigzagged profile, determined by an alternation of "mountain-creases" and "valley-creases." The numbers of ...

There are several different kinds of magic numbers. The digital root and magic constant are sometimes known as magic numbers. In baseball, the magic number for a team in ...

A set of n distinct numbers taken from the interval [1,n^2] form a magic series if their sum is the nth magic constant M_n=1/2n(n^2+1) (Kraitchik 1942, p. 143). The numbers ...