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cos(pi/8) = 1/2sqrt(2+sqrt(2)) (1) cos((3pi)/8) = 1/2sqrt(2-sqrt(2)) (2) cot(pi/8) = 1+sqrt(2) (3) cot((3pi)/8) = sqrt(2)-1 (4) csc(pi/8) = sqrt(4+2sqrt(2)) (5) csc((3pi)/8) ...

A point where a curve intersects itself along three arcs. The above plot shows the triple point at the origin of the trifolium (x^2+y^2)^2+3x^2y-y^3=0.

The catacaustic of the Tschirnhausen cubic with parametric representation x = 3(t^2-3) (1) y = t(t^2-3) (2) with radiant point at (-8,0) is the semicubical parabola with ...

The pedal curve to the Tschirnhausen cubic for pedal point at the origin is the parabola x = 1-t^2 (1) y = 2t. (2)

A class of area-preserving maps of the form theta_(i+1) = theta_i+2pialpha(r_i) (1) r_(i+1) = r_i, (2) which maps circles into circles but with a twist resulting from the ...

f(x)=1-2x^2 for x in [-1,1]. Fixed points occur at x=-1, 1/2, and order 2 fixed points at x=(1+/-sqrt(5))/4. The natural invariant of the map is rho(y)=1/(pisqrt(1-y^2)).

A transformation x^'=Ax is unimodular if the determinant of the matrix A satisfies det(A)=+/-1. A necessary and sufficient condition that a linear transformation transform a ...

A smooth two-dimensional surface given by embedding the projective plane into projective 5-space by the homogeneous parametric equations v(x,y,z)=(x^2,y^2,z^2,xy,xz,yz). The ...

The point about which an angle is measured is called the angle's vertex, and the angle theta associated with a given vertex is called the vertex angle. In a polygon, the ...

Given two intersecting lines, the two nonadjacent angles with the same vertex are said to be vertical angles. One can easily prove that vertical angles are congruent. Some ...