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A pseudoperfect number, sometimes also called a semiperfect number (Benkoski 1972, Butske et al. 1999), is a positive integer such as 20=1+4+5+10 which is the sum of some (or ...

The pseudosquare L_p modulo the odd prime p is the least nonsquare positive integer that is congruent to 1 (mod 8) and for which the Legendre symbol (L_p/q)=1 for all odd ...

A quadratic form involving n real variables x_1, x_2, ..., x_n associated with the n×n matrix A=a_(ij) is given by Q(x_1,x_2,...,x_n)=a_(ij)x_ix_j, (1) where Einstein ...

If p and q are distinct odd primes, then the quadratic reciprocity theorem states that the congruences x^2=q (mod p) x^2=p (mod q) (1) are both solvable or both unsolvable ...

A finite simple connected graph G is quadratically embeddable if its quadratic embedding constant QEC(G) is nonpositive, i.e., QEC(G)<=0. A graph being quadratically ...

A quartic symmetric graph is a symmetric graph that is also quartic (i.e., regular of degree 4). The numbers of symmetric quartic graphs on n=1, 2, ... are 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, ...

A quartic vertex-transitive graph is a quartic graph that is vertex transitive. Read and Wilson (1988, pp. 164-166) enumerate all connected quartic vertex-transitive graphs ...

One of the four divisions of observations which have been grouped into four equal-sized sets based on their statistical rank. The quartile including the top statistically ...

A quasi-cubic graph is a quasi-regular graph, i.e., a graph such that degree of every vertex is the same delta except for a single vertex whose degree is Delta=delta+1 ...

Quasi-Monte Carlo integration is a method of numerical integration that operates in the same way as Monte Carlo integration, but instead uses sequences of quasirandom numbers ...