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An error-correcting code is an algorithm for expressing a sequence of numbers such that any errors which are introduced can be detected and corrected (within certain ...

According to Euler's rotation theorem, any rotation may be described using three angles. If the rotations are written in terms of rotation matrices D, C, and B, then a ...

The most general form of "an" exponential function is a power-law function of the form f(x)=ab^(cx+d), (1) where a, c, and d are real numbers, b is a positive real number, ...

A finite field is a field with a finite field order (i.e., number of elements), also called a Galois field. The order of a finite field is always a prime or a power of a ...

The function frac(x) giving the fractional (noninteger) part of a real number x. The symbol {x} is sometimes used instead of frac(x) (Graham et al. 1994, p. 70; Havil 2003, ...

Game theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the analysis of games (i.e., situations involving parties with conflicting interests). In addition to the mathematical ...

The Gauss-Kuzmin distribution is the distribution of occurrences of a positive integer k in the continued fraction of a random (or "generic") real number. Consider xi_n ...

Let Pi be a permutation of n elements, and let alpha_i be the number of permutation cycles of length i in this permutation. Picking Pi at random, it turns out that ...

The Cartesian graph product G=G_1 square G_2, also called the graph box product and sometimes simply known as "the" graph product (Beineke and Wilson 2004, p. 104) and ...

A graph embedding, sometimes also called a graph drawing, is a particular drawing of a graph. Graph embeddings are most commonly drawn in the plane, but may also be ...