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A solitary number is a number which does not have any friends. Solitary numbers include all primes, prime powers, and numbers for which (n,sigma(n))=1, where (a,b) is the ...

Let two spheres of radii R and r be located along the x-axis centered at (0,0,0) and (d,0,0), respectively. Not surprisingly, the analysis is very similar to the case of the ...

There are two incompatible definitions of the squircle. The first defines the squircle as the quartic plane curve which is special case of the superellipse with a=b and r=4, ...

A Steiner quadruple system is a Steiner system S(t=3,k=4,v), where S is a v-set and B is a collection of k-sets of S such that every t-subset of S is contained in exactly one ...

A subset is a portion of a set. B is a subset of A (written B subset= A) iff every member of B is a member of A. If B is a proper subset of A (i.e., a subset other than the ...

A number n such that sigma^2(n)=sigma(sigma(n))=2n, where sigma(n) is the divisor function is called a superperfect number. Even superperfect numbers are just 2^(p-1), where ...

There are two definitions of the supersingular primes: one group-theoretic, and the other number-theoretic. Group-theoretically, let Gamma_0(N) be the modular group Gamma0, ...

A symmetric matrix is a square matrix that satisfies A^(T)=A, (1) where A^(T) denotes the transpose, so a_(ij)=a_(ji). This also implies A^(-1)A^(T)=I, (2) where I is the ...

The tangent numbers, also called a zag number, and given by T_n=(2^(2n)(2^(2n)-1)|B_(2n)|)/(2n), (1) where B_n is a Bernoulli number, are numbers that can be defined either ...

Given a regular tetrahedron of unit volume, consider the lengths of line segments connecting pairs of points picked at random inside the tetrahedron. The distribution of ...