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A prime factorization algorithm also known as Pollard Monte Carlo factorization method. There are two aspects to the Pollard rho factorization method. The first is the idea ...

Three-dimensional generalization of the polyominoes to n dimensions. The number of polycubes N(n) composed of n cubes are 1, 1, 2, 8, 29, 166, 1023, ... (OEIS A000162; Ball ...

Presburger arithmetic is the first-order theory of the natural numbers containing addition but no multiplication. It is therefore not as powerful as Peano arithmetic. ...

A rational amicable pair consists of two integers a and b for which the divisor functions are equal and are of the form sigma(a)=sigma(b)=(P(a,b))/(Q(a,b))=R(a,b), (1) where ...

Determination of whether predicate P(x_1,...,x_n) is true or false for any given values of x_1, ..., x_n is called its decision problem. The decision problem for predicate ...

Let the inner and outer Soddy triangles of a reference triangle DeltaABC be denoted DeltaPQR and DeltaP^'Q^'R^', respectively. Similarly, let the tangential triangles of ...

A right strophoid is the strophoid of a line L with pole O not on L and fixed point O^' being the point where the perpendicular from O to L cuts L is called a right ...

Let N samples be taken from a population with central moments mu_n. The sample variance m_2 is then given by m_2=1/Nsum_(i=1)^N(x_i-m)^2, (1) where m=x^_ is the sample mean. ...

There are several fractal curves associated with Sierpiński. The area for the first Sierpiński curve illustrated above (Sierpiński curve 1912) is A=1/3(7-4sqrt(2)). The curve ...

In general, a singularity is a point at which an equation, surface, etc., blows up or becomes degenerate. Singularities are often also called singular points. Singularities ...