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A general quintic equation a_5x^5+a_4x^4+a_3x^3+a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0=0 (1) can be reduced to one of the form y^5+b_2y^2+b_1y+b_0=0, (2) called the principal quintic form. Vieta's ...

A principal nth root omega of unity is a root satisfying the equations omega^n=1 and sum_(i=0)^(n-1)omega^(ij)=0 for j=1, 2, ..., n. Therefore, every primitive root of unity ...

The unique nonnegative square root of a nonnegative real number. For example, the principal square root of 9 is 3, although both -3 and 3 are square roots of 9. The concept ...

The truth of an infinite sequence of propositions P_i for i=1, ..., infty is established if (1) P_1 is true, and (2) P_k implies P_(k+1) for all k. This principle is ...

Typesetting "errors" in which exponents or multiplication signs are omitted but the resulting expression is equivalent to the original one. Examples include 2^59^2=2592 (1) ...

Given an event E in a sample space S which is either finite with N elements or countably infinite with N=infty elements, then we can write S=( union _(i=1)^NE_i), and a ...

The probability Q_delta that a random sample from an infinite normally distributed universe will have a mean m within a distance |delta| of the mean mu of the universe is ...

A number satisfying Fermat's little theorem (or some other primality test) for some nontrivial base. A probable prime which is shown to be composite is called a pseudoprime ...

The term "product" refers to the result of one or more multiplications. For example, the mathematical statement a×b=c would be read "a times b equals c," where a is called ...

Let (X,A,mu) and (Y,B,nu) be measure spaces, let R be the collection of all measurable rectangles contained in X×Y, and let lambda be the premeasure defined on R by ...