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A diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements all contain the same scalar lambda. A scalar matrix is therefore equivalent to lambdaI, where I is the identity matrix.

The inverse of a square matrix A, sometimes called a reciprocal matrix, is a matrix A^(-1) such that AA^(-1)=I, (1) where I is the identity matrix. Courant and Hilbert (1989, ...

Given A = |a_(11)-x a_(12) ... a_(1m); a_(21) a_(22)-x ... a_(2m); | | ... |; a_(m1) a_(m2) ... a_(mm)-x| (1) = x^m+c_(m-1)x^(m-1)+...+c_0, (2) then ...

A conjugate matrix is a matrix A^_ obtained from a given matrix A by taking the complex conjugate of each element of A (Courant and Hilbert 1989, p. 9), i.e., ...

A matrix, also called a canonical box matrix, having zeros everywhere except along the diagonal and superdiagonal, with each element of the diagonal consisting of a single ...

The Jordan canonical form, also called the classical canonical form, of a special type of block matrix in which each block consists of Jordan blocks with possibly differing ...

A square matrix that is not singular, i.e., one that has a matrix inverse. Nonsingular matrices are sometimes also called regular matrices. A square matrix is nonsingular iff ...

Let A be an n×n matrix over a field F. Using the three elementary row and column operations over elements in the field, the n×n matrix xI-A with entries from the principal ...

An upper triangular matrix U is defined by U_(ij)={a_(ij) for i<=j; 0 for i>j. (1) Written explicitly, U=[a_(11) a_(12) ... a_(1n); 0 a_(22) ... a_(2n); | | ... |; 0 0 ... ...

A triangular matrix U of the form U_(ij)={a_(ij) for i<=j; 0 for i>j. (1) Written explicitly, U=[a_(11) a_(12) ... a_(1n); 0 a_(22) ... a_(2n); | | ... |; 0 0 ... a_(nn)]. ...