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Noncommutative topology is a recent program having important and deep applications in several branches of mathematics and mathematical physics. Because every commutative ...

A surface such as the Möbius strip or Klein bottle (Gray 1997, pp. 322-323) on which there exists a closed path such that the directrix is reversed when moved around this ...

Let G be a simple graph with nonsingular (0,1) adjacency matrix A. If all the diagonal entries of the matrix inverse A^(-1) are zero and all the off-diagonal entries of ...

If T is a linear transformation of R^n, then the null space Null(T), also called the kernel Ker(T), is the set of all vectors X such that T(X)=0, i.e., Null(T)={X:T(X)=0}. ...

A nut graph is a graph on n>=2 vertices with adjacency matrix A such that A has matrix rank 1 and contains no 0 element (Sciriha 1998, 2008; Sciriha and Gutman, 1998; and ...

The geodesic on an oblate spheroid can be computed analytically, although the resulting expression is much more unwieldy than for a simple sphere. A spheroid with equatorial ...

A system of curvilinear coordinates in which two sets of coordinate surfaces are obtained by revolving the curves of the elliptic cylindrical coordinates about the y-axis ...

The octahedral equation, by way of analogy with the icosahedral equation, is a set of related equations derived from the projective geometry of the octahedron. Consider an ...

O_h is the point group of symmetries of the octahedron having order 48 that includes inversion. It is also the symmetry group of the cube, cuboctahedron, and truncated ...

A (general) octahedron is a polyhedron having eight faces. Examples include the 4-trapezohedron, augmented triangular prism (Johnson solid J_(49)), bislit cube, Dürer solid, ...