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The Heilbronn triangle problem is to place n>=3 points in a disk (square, equilateral triangle, etc.) of unit area so as to maximize the area Delta(n) of the smallest of the ...

The representation of a number as a sum of powers of a base b, followed by expression of each of the exponents as a sum of powers of b, etc., until the process stops. For ...

A Hermitian inner product space is a complex vector space with a Hermitian inner product.

Two events A and B are called independent if their probabilities satisfy P(AB)=P(A)P(B) (Papoulis 1984, p. 40).

Integer division is division in which the fractional part (remainder) is discarded is called integer division and is sometimes denoted \. Integer division can be defined as ...

"The integers" is a common way of referring to the set of integers, commonly denoted Z.

An extension ring R subset= S such that every element of S is integral over R.

A submodule N of a module M that is not the intersection of two submodules of M in which it is properly contained. In other words, for all submodules N_1 and N_2 of M, N=N_1 ...

As Gauss showed in 1812, the hyperbolic tangent can be written using a continued fraction as tanhx=x/(1+(x^2)/(3+(x^2)/(5+...))) (Wall 1948, p. 349; Olds 1963, p. 138).

A polynomial with matrix coefficients. An nth order matrix polynomial in a variable t is given by P(t)=A_0+A_1t+A_2t^2+...+A_nt^n, where A_k are p×p square matrices.