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The Cayley-Purser algorithm is a public-key cryptography algorithm that relies on the fact that matrix multiplication is not commutative. It was devised by Sarah Flannery ...

Cribbage is a game in which each of two players is dealt a hand of six cards. Each player then discards two of his six cards to a four-card "crib" which alternates between ...

A plot of the map winding number W resulting from mode locking as a function of Omega for the circle map theta_(n+1)=theta_n+Omega-K/(2pi)sin(2pitheta_n) (1) with K=1. (Since ...

A genetic algorithm is a class of adaptive stochastic optimization algorithms involving search and optimization. Genetic algorithms were first used by Holland (1975). The ...

The study of the probabilities involved in geometric problems, e.g., the distributions of length, area, volume, etc. for geometric objects under stated conditions. The ...

An unsolved problem in mathematics attributed to Lehmer (1933) that concerns the minimum Mahler measure M_1(P) for a univariate polynomial P(x) that is not a product of ...

The mean line segment length l^_ is the average length of a line segment in line segment picking within some given shape. As summarized in the following table (where Delta(3) ...

Let B_t={B_t(omega)/omega in Omega}, t>=0, be one-dimensional Brownian motion. Integration with respect to B_t was defined by Itô (1951). A basic result of the theory is that ...

A (-1,1)-matrix is a matrix whose elements consist only of the numbers -1 or 1. For an n×n (-1,1)-matrix, the largest possible determinants (Hadamard's maximum determinant ...

A Lie algebra is a vector space g with a Lie bracket [X,Y], satisfying the Jacobi identity. Hence any element X gives a linear transformation given by ad(X)(Y)=[X,Y], (1) ...