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Given a subset A of a larger set, the characteristic function chi_A, sometimes also called the indicator function, is the function defined to be identically one on A, and is ...

Let two players each have a finite number of pennies (say, n_1 for player one and n_2 for player two). Now, flip one of the pennies (from either player), with each player ...

A mathematical statement that one quantity is greater than or less than another. "a is less than b" is denoted a<b, and "a is greater than b" is denoted a>b. "a is less than ...

Rule 94 is one of the elementary cellular automaton rules introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983 (Wolfram 1983, 2002). It specifies the next color in a cell, depending on its ...

The randomization of a deck of cards by repeated interleaving. More generally, a shuffle is a rearrangement of the elements in an ordered list. Shuffling by exactly ...

Analysis of data ordered by the time the data were collected (usually spaced at equal intervals), called a time series. Common examples of a time series are daily temperature ...

Define the packing density eta of a packing of spheres to be the fraction of a volume filled by the spheres. In three dimensions, there are three periodic packings for ...

There are a number of point processes which are called Hawkes processes and while many of these notions are similar, some are rather different. There are also different ...

Watson (1939) considered the following three triple integrals, I_1 = 1/(pi^3)int_0^piint_0^piint_0^pi(dudvdw)/(1-cosucosvcosw) (1) = (4[K(1/2sqrt(2))]^2)/(pi^2) (2) = ...

The problem of packing a set of items into a number of bins such that the total weight, volume, etc. does not exceed some maximum value. A simple algorithm (the first-fit ...