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The sporadic groups are the 26 finite simple groups that do not fit into any of the four infinite families of finite simple groups (i.e., the cyclic groups of prime order, ...

A real polynomial P is said to be stable if all its roots lie in the left half-plane. The term "stable" is used to describe such a polynomial because, in the theory of linear ...

An attracting set that has zero measure in the embedding phase space and has fractal dimension. Trajectories within a strange attractor appear to skip around randomly. A ...

The Struve function, denoted H_n(z) or occasionally H_n(z), is defined as H_nu(z)=(1/2z)^(nu+1)sum_(k=0)^infty((-1)^k(1/2z)^(2k))/(Gamma(k+3/2)Gamma(k+nu+3/2)), (1) where ...

Given a function f(x)=f_0(x), write f_1=f^'(x) and define the Sturm functions by f_n(x)=-{f_(n-2)(x)-f_(n-1)(x)[(f_(n-2)(x))/(f_(n-1)(x))]}, (1) where [P(x)/Q(x)] is a ...

A sum-free set S is a set for which the intersection of S and the sumset S+S is empty. For example, the sum-free sets of {1,2,3} are emptyset, {1}, {2}, {3}, {1,3}, and ...

A sum is the result of an addition. For example, adding 1, 2, 3, and 4 gives the sum 10, written 1+2+3+4=10. (1) The numbers being summed are called addends, or sometimes ...

The number of representations of n by k squares, allowing zeros and distinguishing signs and order, is denoted r_k(n). The special case k=2 corresponding to two squares is ...

Any four mutually tangent spheres determine six points of tangency. A pair of tangencies (t_i,t_j) is said to be opposite if the two spheres determining t_i are distinct from ...

A theorem is a statement that can be demonstrated to be true by accepted mathematical operations and arguments. In general, a theorem is an embodiment of some general ...