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A lossless data compression algorithm which uses a small number of bits to encode common characters. Huffman coding approximates the probability for each character as a power ...

The identity function id(x) is the function id(x)=x which assigns every real number x to the same real number x. It is identical to the identity map. The identity function is ...

Let s_k be the number of independent vertex sets of cardinality k in a graph G. The polynomial I(x)=sum_(k=0)^(alpha(G))s_kx^k, (1) where alpha(G) is the independence number, ...

An independent vertex set of a graph G is a subset of the vertices such that no two vertices in the subset represent an edge of G. The figure above shows independent sets ...

Divide a set of data into two groups (high and low) of equal size at the statistical median if there is an even number of data points, or two groups consisting of points on ...

An inverse permutation is a permutation in which each number and the number of the place which it occupies are exchanged. For example, p_1 = {3,8,5,10,9,4,6,1,7,2} (1) p_2 = ...

The Kermack-McKendrick model is an SIR model for the number of people infected with a contagious illness in a closed population over time. It was proposed to explain the ...

In general, it is possible to link two n-dimensional hyperspheres in (n+2)-dimensional space in an infinite number of inequivalent ways. In dimensions greater than n+2 in the ...

The Komornik-Loreti constant is the value q such that 1=sum_(n=1)^infty(t_k)/(q^k), (1) where {t_k} is the Thue-Morse sequence, i.e., t_k is the parity of the number of 1's ...

A tree with its nodes labeled. The number of labeled trees on n nodes is n^(n-2), the first few values of which are 1, 1, 3, 16, 125, 1296, ... (OEIS A000272). Cayley (1889) ...