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An auxiliary latitude also called the reduced latitude and denoted eta or theta. It gives the latitude on a sphere of radius a for which the parallel has the same radius as ...

Given a smooth manifold M with an open cover U_i, a partition of unity subject to the cover U_i is a collection of smooth, nonnegative functions psi_i, such that the support ...

A map defined by one or more polynomials. Given a field K, a polynomial map is a map f:K^n->K^m such that for all points (x_1,...,x_n) in K^n, ...

The term "real line" has a number of different meanings in mathematics. Most commonly, "real line" is used to mean real axis, i.e., a line with a fixed scale so that every ...

An auxiliary latitude which gives a sphere having correct distances along the meridians. It is denoted mu (or omega) and is given by mu=(piM)/(2M_p). (1) M_p is evaluated for ...

Over a small neighborhood U of a manifold, a vector bundle is spanned by the local sections defined on U. For example, in a coordinate chart U with coordinates (x_1,...,x_n), ...

A Tychonoff plank is a topological space that is an example of a normal space which has a non-normal subset, thus showing that normality is not a hereditary property. Let ...

A superellipse is a curve with Cartesian equation |x/a|^r+|y/b|^r=1, (1) first discussed in 1818 by Lamé. A superellipse may be described parametrically by x = acos^(2/r)t ...

A cubic curve invented by Diocles in about 180 BC in connection with his attempt to duplicate the cube by geometrical methods. The name "cissoid" first appears in the work of ...

Barycentric coordinates are triples of numbers (t_1,t_2,t_3) corresponding to masses placed at the vertices of a reference triangle DeltaA_1A_2A_3. These masses then ...