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Let x be a real number, and let R be the set of positive real numbers mu for which 0<|x-p/q|<1/(q^mu) (1) has (at most) finitely many solutions p/q for p and q integers. Then ...

Let x=[a_0;a_1,...]=a_0+1/(a_1+1/(a_2+1/(a_3+...))) (1) be the simple continued fraction of a "generic" real number x, where the numbers a_i are the partial denominator. ...

In his last letter to Hardy, Ramanujan defined 17 Jacobi theta function-like functions F(q) with |q|<1 which he called "mock theta functions" (Watson 1936ab, Ramanujan 1988, ...

Multiply all the digits of a number n by each other, repeating with the product until a single digit is obtained. The number of steps required is known as the multiplicative ...

The Newton-Cotes formulas are an extremely useful and straightforward family of numerical integration techniques. To integrate a function f(x) over some interval [a,b], ...

A normal distribution in a variate X with mean mu and variance sigma^2 is a statistic distribution with probability density function ...

An ordinary differential equation (frequently called an "ODE," "diff eq," or "diffy Q") is an equality involving a function and its derivatives. An ODE of order n is an ...

Convergents of the pi continued fractions are the simplest approximants to pi. The first few are given by 3, 22/7, 333/106, 355/113, 103993/33102, 104348/33215, ... (OEIS ...

A Pisot number is a positive algebraic integer greater than 1 all of whose conjugate elements have absolute value less than 1. A real quadratic algebraic integer greater than ...

The power tower of order k is defined as a^^k=a^(a^(·^(·^(·^a))))_()_(k), (1) where ^ is Knuth up-arrow notation (Knuth 1976), which in turn is defined by ...