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The Abel prize is a new mathematics prize of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, dedicated to the memory of Niels Henrik Abel (1802-1829) on the occasion of the ...

Operations research is a vast branch of mathematics which encompasses many diverse areas of minimization and optimization. Thousands of books have been written worldwide on ...

A Turing machine which, by appropriate programming using a finite length of input tape, can act as any Turing machine whatsoever. In his seminal paper, Turing himself gave ...

Consider three mutually tangent circles, and draw their inner Soddy circle. Then draw the inner Soddy circles of this circle with each pair of the original three, and ...

The Cantor set T_infty, sometimes also called the Cantor comb or no middle third set (Cullen 1968, pp. 78-81), is given by taking the interval [0,1] (set T_0), removing the ...

Cartesian coordinates are rectilinear two- or three-dimensional coordinates (and therefore a special case of curvilinear coordinates) which are also called rectangular ...

The most general forced form of the Duffing equation is x^..+deltax^.+(betax^3+/-omega_0^2x)=gammacos(omegat+phi). (1) Depending on the parameters chosen, the equation can ...

A generalized mobile automaton is a generalization of the mobile automaton in which the automaton may have more than one active cell. Generalized mobile automata allow for ...

A genetic algorithm is a class of adaptive stochastic optimization algorithms involving search and optimization. Genetic algorithms were first used by Holland (1975). The ...

The Icosian game, also called the Hamiltonian game (Ball and Coxeter 1987, p. 262), is the problem of finding a Hamiltonian cycle along the edges of an dodecahedron, i.e., a ...