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Construct a square equal in area to a circle using only a straightedge and compass. This was one of the three geometric problems of antiquity, and was perhaps first attempted ...

The (upper) clique number of a graph G, denoted omega(G), is the number of vertices in a maximum clique of G. Equivalently, it is the size of a largest clique or maximal ...

The nesting of two or more functions to form a single new function is known as composition. The composition of two functions f and g is denoted f degreesg, where f is a ...

A convex polyhedron can be defined algebraically as the set of solutions to a system of linear inequalities mx<=b, where m is a real s×3 matrix and b is a real s-vector. ...

For a bivariate normal distribution, the distribution of correlation coefficients is given by P(r) = (1) = (2) = (3) where rho is the population correlation coefficient, ...

The curl of a vector field, denoted curl(F) or del xF (the notation used in this work), is defined as the vector field having magnitude equal to the maximum "circulation" at ...

The probability that a random integer between 1 and x will have its greatest prime factor <=x^alpha approaches a limiting value F(alpha) as x->infty, where F(alpha)=1 for ...

The Euler-Maclaurin integration and sums formulas can be derived from Darboux's formula by substituting the Bernoulli polynomial B_n(t) in for the function phi(t). ...

There are essentially three types of Fisher-Tippett extreme value distributions. The most common is the type I distribution, which are sometimes referred to as Gumbel types ...

There are two definitions of the Fermat number. The less common is a number of the form 2^n+1 obtained by setting x=1 in a Fermat polynomial, the first few of which are 3, 5, ...