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The product C of two matrices A and B is defined as c_(ik)=a_(ij)b_(jk), (1) where j is summed over for all possible values of i and k and the notation above uses the ...

The term "pathological" is used in mathematics to refer to an example specifically cooked up to violate certain almost universally valid properties. Pathological problems ...

Presburger arithmetic is the first-order theory of the natural numbers containing addition but no multiplication. It is therefore not as powerful as Peano arithmetic. ...

Order the natural numbers as follows: Now let F be a continuous function from the reals to the reals and suppose p≺q in the above ordering. Then if F has a point of least ...

Sociable numbers are numbers that result in a periodic aliquot sequence, where an aliquot sequence is the sequence of numbers obtained by repeatedly applying the restricted ...

The smallest positive composite number and the first even perfect square. Four is the smallest even number appearing in a Pythagorean triple: 3, 4, 5. In the numerology of ...

Adams' method is a numerical method for solving linear first-order ordinary differential equations of the form (dy)/(dx)=f(x,y). (1) Let h=x_(n+1)-x_n (2) be the step ...

The Hankel transform (of order zero) is an integral transform equivalent to a two-dimensional Fourier transform with a radially symmetric integral kernel and also called the ...

The icosahedral group I_h is the group of symmetries of the icosahedron and dodecahedron having order 120, equivalent to the group direct product A_5×Z_2 of the alternating ...

Arrange copies of the n digits 1, ..., n such that there is one digit between the 1s, two digits between the 2s, etc. For example, the unique (modulo reversal) n=3 solution ...