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Proof theory, also called metamathematics, is the study of mathematics and mathematical reasoning (Hofstadter 1989) in a general and abstract sense itself. Instead of ...

Gauge theory studies principal bundle connections, called gauge fields, on a principal bundle. These connections correspond to fields, in physics, such as an electromagnetic ...

A number n such that sigma^2(n)=sigma(sigma(n))=2n, where sigma(n) is the divisor function is called a superperfect number. Even superperfect numbers are just 2^(p-1), where ...

The period for a quasiperiodic trajectory to pass through the same point in a surface of section. If the rotation number is irrational, the trajectory will densely fill out a ...

The maximum number of disjoint dominating sets in a domatic partition of a graph G is called its domatic number d(G). The domatic number should not be confused with the ...

The Ramsey number R(m,n) gives the solution to the party problem, which asks the minimum number of guests R(m,n) that must be invited so that at least m will know each other ...

A number having 666 digits (where 666 is the beast number) is called an apocalypse number. The Fibonacci number F_(3184) is the smallest Fibonacci apocalypse number (Livio ...

A nexus number is a figurate number built up of the nexus of cells less than n steps away from a given cell. The nth d-dimensional nexus number is given by N_d(n) = ...

By asking a small number of innocent-sounding questions about an unknown number, it is possible to reconstruct the number with absolute certainty (assuming that the questions ...

A nonregular number, also called an infinite decimal (Havil 2003, p. 25), is a positive number that has an infinite decimal expansion. In contrast, a number that has a finite ...