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The Bernoulli distribution is a discrete distribution having two possible outcomes labelled by n=0 and n=1 in which n=1 ("success") occurs with probability p and n=0 ...

The circle map is a one-dimensional map which maps a circle onto itself theta_(n+1)=theta_n+Omega-K/(2pi)sin(2pitheta_n), (1) where theta_(n+1) is computed mod 1 and K is a ...

An algorithm used to recursively construct a set of objects from the smallest possible constituent parts. Given a set of k integers (a_1, a_2, ..., a_k) with a_1<a_2<...<a_k, ...

A sparse polynomial square is a square of a polynomial [P(x)]^2 that has fewer terms than the original polynomial P(x). Examples include Rényi's polynomial (1) (Rényi 1947, ...

An Abelian integral, are also called a hyperelliptic integral, is an integral of the form int_0^x(dt)/(sqrt(R(t))), where R(t) is a polynomial of degree >4.

A sequence of random variates X_0, X_1, ... is called absolutely fair if for n=1, 2, ..., <X_1>=0 and <X_(n+1)|X_1,...,X_n>=0 (Feller 1971, p. 210).

A theory which satisfies all the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms with the possible exception of the long exact sequence of a pair axiom, as well as a certain additional continuity ...

The function psi(x)={sin(x/c) |x|<cpi; 0 |x|>cpi, (1) which occurs in estimation theory.

A hyperbolic linear map R^n->R^n with integer entries in the transformation matrix and determinant +/-1 is an Anosov diffeomorphism of the n-torus, called an Anosov ...

An ansatz is an assumed form for a mathematical statement that is not based on any underlying theory or principle. An example from physics is the Bethe Ansatz (Müller).