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The universal cover of a connected topological space X is a simply connected space Y with a map f:Y->X that is a covering map. If X is simply connected, i.e., has a trivial ...
For a single variate X having a distribution P(x) with known population mean mu, the population variance var(X), commonly also written sigma^2, is defined as ...
A connection on a vector bundle pi:E->M is a way to "differentiate" bundle sections, in a way that is analogous to the exterior derivative df of a function f. In particular, ...
A vector derivative is a derivative taken with respect to a vector field. Vector derivatives are extremely important in physics, where they arise throughout fluid mechanics, ...
The Wallis formula follows from the infinite product representation of the sine sinx=xproduct_(n=1)^infty(1-(x^2)/(pi^2n^2)). (1) Taking x=pi/2 gives ...
The one-dimensional wave equation is given by (partial^2psi)/(partialx^2)=1/(v^2)(partial^2psi)/(partialt^2). (1) In order to specify a wave, the equation is subject to ...
An algorithm which finds a polynomial recurrence for terminating hypergeometric identities of the form sum_(k)(n; ...
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Roughly speaking, the metric tensor g_(ij) is a function which tells how to compute the distance between any two points in a given space. Its components can be viewed as ...
A quadratic equation is a second-order polynomial equation in a single variable x ax^2+bx+c=0, (1) with a!=0. Because it is a second-order polynomial equation, the ...

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