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A finite field is a field with a finite field order (i.e., number of elements), also called a Galois field. The order of a finite field is always a prime or a power of a ...

A magic square is a square array of numbers consisting of the distinct positive integers 1, 2, ..., n^2 arranged such that the sum of the n numbers in any horizontal, ...

The asterisk *, also called a "star," is used for a number of different purposed in mathematics. The most common usage is to denote multiplication so, for example, 2*3=2×3=6. ...

A multiplicand is a quantity that is multiplied by another (the multiplier). For example, in the expression a×b, b is the multiplicand. The result of the multiplication of ...

A quantity by which another (the multiplicand) is multiplied. For example, in the expression a×b, a is the multiplier. The result of the multiplication of two or more ...

In the Minkowski space of special relativity, a four-vector is a four-element vector x^mu=(x^0,x^1,x^2,x^3) that transforms under a Lorentz transformation like the position ...

Let B_t={B_t(omega)/omega in Omega}, t>=0, be one-dimensional Brownian motion. Integration with respect to B_t was defined by Itô (1951). A basic result of the theory is that ...

Angle addition formulas express trigonometric functions of sums of angles alpha+/-beta in terms of functions of alpha and beta. The fundamental formulas of angle addition in ...

The division of two complex numbers can be accomplished by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the complex conjugate of the denominator, for example, with z_1=a+bi ...

One of the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and integer (or rational) root extraction.