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Backgammon is a board game played by two players. The backgammon board is divided into four sections of six triangular regions on which pieces may be placed. Brown and white ...

The backward difference is a finite difference defined by del _p=del f_p=f_p-f_(p-1). (1) Higher order differences are obtained by repeated operations of the backward ...

A bar (also called an overbar) is a horizontal line written above a mathematical symbol to give it some special meaning. If the bar is placed over a single symbol, as in x^_ ...

The number of ways a set of n elements can be partitioned into nonempty subsets is called a Bell number and is denoted B_n (not to be confused with the Bernoulli number, ...

(dy)/(dx)+p(x)y=q(x)y^n. (1) Let v=y^(1-n) for n!=1. Then (dv)/(dx)=(1-n)y^(-n)(dy)/(dx). (2) Rewriting (1) gives y^(-n)(dy)/(dx) = q(x)-p(x)y^(1-n) (3) = q(x)-vp(x). (4) ...

A number defined by b_n=b_n(0), where b_n(x) is a Bernoulli polynomial of the second kind (Roman 1984, p. 294), also called Cauchy numbers of the first kind. The first few ...

The integral int_0^1x^p(1-x)^qdx, called the Eulerian integral of the first kind by Legendre and Whittaker and Watson (1990). The solution is the beta function B(p+1,q+1).

A tree (also called a bicentral tree) having two nodes that are graph centers. The numbers of bicentered trees on n=1, 2, ... nodes are 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 3, 4, 11, 20, 51, 108 ...

The bifolium is a folium with b=0. The bifolium is a quartic curve and is given by the implicit equation is (x^2+y^2)^2=4axy^2 (1) and the polar equation ...

The differential equation obtained by applying the biharmonic operator and setting to zero: del ^4phi=0. (1) In Cartesian coordinates, the biharmonic equation is del ^4phi = ...