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The security of a cryptosystem must not depend on keeping the cryptographic algorithm secret.

The manipulation of Dehn surgery descriptions by a certain set of operations.

The number of equivalent hyperspheres in n dimensions which can touch an equivalent hypersphere without any intersections, also sometimes called the Newton number, contact ...

The exterior of a knot K is the complement of an open solid torus knotted like K. The removed open solid torus is called a tubular neighborhood (Adams 1994, p. 258).

Krohn-Rhodes theory is a mathematical approach that seeks to decompose finite semigroups in terms of finite aperiodic semigroups and finite groups.

The scalar form of Laplace's equation is the partial differential equation del ^2psi=0, (1) where del ^2 is the Laplacian. Note that the operator del ^2 is commonly written ...

The Lebombo bone is the oldest known mathematical artifact. It dates from 35000 BC and consists of 29 distinct notches that were deliberately cut into a baboon's fibula. It ...

A lens space L(p,q) is the 3-manifold obtained by gluing the boundaries of two solid tori together such that the meridian of the first goes to a (p,q)-curve on the second, ...

Pick a point O in the interior of a quadrilateral which is not a parallelogram. Join this point to each of the four vertices, then the locus of points O for which the sum of ...

A likelihood function L(a) is the probability or probability density for the occurrence of a sample configuration x_1, ..., x_n given that the probability density f(x;a) with ...