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An integer d is a fundamental discriminant if it is not equal to 1, not divisible by any square of any odd prime, and satisfies d=1 (mod 4) or d=8,12 (mod 16). The function ...

Any symmetric polynomial (respectively, symmetric rational function) can be expressed as a polynomial (respectively, rational function) in the elementary symmetric ...

For a general two-player zero-sum game, max_(i<=m)min_(j<=n)a_(ij)<=min_(j<=n)max_(i<=m)a_(ij). If the two are equal, then write ...

Let C=C^+ union C^- (where C^+ intersection C^-=emptyset) be the disjoint union of two finite components C^+ and C^-. Let alpha and beta be two involutions on C, each of ...

A d-dimensional framework is a pair (G,p) where G=(V,E) is a graph with vertex set V and edge set E and p:V->R^d is a map that assigns a point in R^d to each vertex of G. The ...

In antiquity, geometric constructions of figures and lengths were restricted to the use of only a straightedge and compass (or in Plato's case, a compass only; a technique ...

A quantitative measure of the simplicity of a geometric construction which reduces geometric constructions to five steps. It was devised by È. Lemoine. S_1 Place a ...

The Georges graph, illustrated above, is 50-node graph which is the smallest currently known example of a 3-connected bicubic nonhamiltonian graph. It is implemented in the ...

The Gibbs phenomenon is an overshoot (or "ringing") of Fourier series and other eigenfunction series occurring at simple discontinuities. It can be reduced with the Lanczos ...

The gnomonic projection is a nonconformal map projection obtained by projecting points P_1 (or P_2) on the surface of sphere from a sphere's center O to point P in a plane ...