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Proved in 1933. If q is an odd prime or q=0 and n is any positive integer, then there is a Hadamard matrix of order m=2^e(q^n+1), where e is any positive integer such that ...

The squeeze theorem, also known as the squeezing theorem, pinching theorem, or sandwich theorem, may be stated as follows. Let there be two functions f_-(x) and f_+(x) such ...

For all integers n and nonnegative integers t, the harmonic logarithms lambda_n^((t))(x) of order t and degree n are defined as the unique functions satisfying 1. ...

A nonassociative algebra obeyed by objects such as the Lie bracket and Poisson bracket. Elements f, g, and h of a Lie algebra satisfy [f,f]=0 (1) [f+g,h]=[f,h]+[g,h], (2) and ...

The nth order Bernstein expansion of a function f(x) in terms of a variable x is given by B_n(f,x)=sum_(j=0)^n(n; j)x^j(1-x)^(n-j)f(j/n), (1) (Gzyl and Palacios 1997, Mathé ...

Multiply all the digits of a number n by each other, repeating with the product until a single digit is obtained. The number of steps required is known as the multiplicative ...

A sampling phenomenon produced when a waveform is not sampled uniformly at an interval t each time, but rather at a series of slightly shifted intervals t+Deltat_i such that ...

Two subspaces S_1 and S_2 of R^n are said to be orthogonal if the dot product v_1·v_2=0 for all vectors v_1 in S_1 and all v_2 in S_2.

The (complete) gamma function Gamma(n) is defined to be an extension of the factorial to complex and real number arguments. It is related to the factorial by Gamma(n)=(n-1)!, ...

Let f be a real-valued, continuous, and strictly increasing function on [0,c] with c>0. If f(0)=0, a in [0,c], and b in [0,f(c)], then int_0^af(x)dx+int_0^bf^(-1)(x)dx>=ab, ...