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Let a be the angle between v and x, b the angle between v and y, and c the angle between v and z. Then the direction cosines are equivalent to the (x,y,z) coordinates of a ...

A topological space that is not connected, i.e., which can be decomposed as the disjoint union of two nonempty open subsets. Equivalently, it can be characterized as a space ...

The term discrete percolation is used to describe models of percolation theory whose media are discrete sets like sets of regular lattice points (e.g., bond percolation and ...

The disk model is the standard Boolean-Poisson model in two-dimensional continuum percolation theory. In particular, the disk model is characterized by the existence of a ...

To generate random points over the unit disk, it is incorrect to use two uniformly distributed variables r in [0,1] and theta in [0,2pi) and then take x = rcostheta (1) y = ...

For a connected graph G of graph diameter d, the distance-k graph G_k for k=1, ..., d is a graph with the same vertex set and having edge set consisting of the pairs of ...

A module over a unit ring R is called divisible if, for all r in R which are not zero divisors, every element m of M can be "divided" by r, in the sense that there is an ...

Taking the ratio x/y of two numbers x and y, also written x÷y. Here, x is called the dividend, y is called the divisor, and x/y is called a quotient. The symbol "/" is called ...

A dot plot, also called a dot chart, is a type of simple histogram-like chart used in statistics for relatively small data sets where values fall into a number of discrete ...

A stationary point process X is said to drive a model of continuum percolation theory if one of the characterizing axioms of the model hinges on the existence of X. In this ...