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A 1-variable unoriented knot polynomial Q(x). It satisfies Q_(unknot)=1 (1) and the skein relationship Q_(L_+)+Q_(L_-)=x(Q_(L_0)+Q_(L_infty)). (2) It also satisfies ...

Backgammon is a board game played by two players. The backgammon board is divided into four sections of six triangular regions on which pieces may be placed. Brown and white ...

Let P(x) be defined as the power series whose nth term has a coefficient equal to the nth prime p_n, P(x) = 1+sum_(k=1)^(infty)p_kx^k (1) = 1+2x+3x^2+5x^3+7x^4+11x^5+.... (2) ...

A method which can be used to solve some classes of integral equations and is especially useful in implementing certain types of data inversion. It has been applied to invert ...

Every irrational number x has an approximation constant c(x) defined by c(x)=lim inf_(q->infty)q|qx-p|, where p=nint(qx) is the nearest integer to qx and lim inf is the ...

A Bäcklund transformation allows additional solutions to a nonlinear partial differential equations to be found if one particular solution is already known.

Baer's criterion, also known as Baer's test, states that a module M over a unit ring R is injective iff every module homomorphism from an ideal of R to M can be extended to a ...

If, for n>=0, beta_n=sum_(r=0)^n(alpha_r)/((q;q)_(n-r)(aq;q)_(n+r)), (1) then beta_n^'=sum_(r=0)^n(alpha_r^')/((q;q)_(n-r)(aq;q)_(n+r)), (2) where alpha_r^' = ...

Let Gamma(z) be the gamma function and n!! denote a double factorial, then [(Gamma(m+1/2))/(Gamma(m))]^2[1/m+(1/2)^21/(m+1)+((1·3)/(2·4))^21/(m+2)+...]_()_(n) ...

Bailey's transformation is the very general hypergeometric transformation (1) where k=1+2a-b-c-d, and the parameters are subject to the restriction b+c+d+e+f+g-m=2+3a (2) ...