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Deciding whether a given Boolean formula in conjunctive normal form has an assignment that makes the formula "true." In 1971, Cook showed that the problem is NP-complete.

A low-pass filter which is useful for smoothing data.

The partial differential equation u_t+45u^2u_x+15u_xu_(xx)+15uu_(xxx)+u_(xxxxx)=0.

A scalar is a one-component quantity that is invariant under rotations of the coordinate system.

A map f:R^n|->R which assigns each x a scalar function f(x).

A function f(x_1,...,x_n) of one or more variables whose range is one-dimensional, as compared to a vector function, whose range is three-dimensional (or, in general, ...

A diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements all contain the same scalar lambda. A scalar matrix is therefore equivalent to lambdaI, where I is the identity matrix.

Scalar multiplication refers to the multiplication of a vector by a constant s, producing a vector in the same (for s>0) or opposite (for s<0) direction but of different ...

A conservative vector field (for which the curl del xF=0) may be assigned a scalar potential where int_CF·ds is a line integral.

A scalene triangle is a triangle that has three unequal sides, such as those illustrated above.