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Let p run over all distinct primitive ordered periodic geodesics, and let tau(p) denote the positive length of p, then the Selberg zeta function is defined as ...

The hyperbolic sine integral, often called the "Shi function" for short, is defined by Shi(z)=int_0^z(sinht)/tdt. (1) The function is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

Two or more lines which have no intersections but are not parallel, also called agonic lines. Since two lines in the plane must intersect or be parallel, skew lines can exist ...

A four-sided quadrilateral not contained in a plane. The lines connecting the midpoints of opposite sides of a skew quadrilateral intersect (and bisect) each other (Steinhaus ...

A four-vector a_mu is said to be spacelike if its four-vector norm satisfies a_mua^mu>0. One should note that the four-vector norm is nothing more than a special case of the ...

The study of figures on the surface of a sphere (such as the spherical triangle and spherical polygon), as opposed to the type of geometry studied in plane geometry or solid ...

The square wave, also called a pulse train, or pulse wave, is a periodic waveform consisting of instantaneous transitions between two levels. The square wave is sometimes ...

Given a system of two ordinary differential equations x^. = f(x,y) (1) y^. = g(x,y), (2) let x_0 and y_0 denote fixed points with x^.=y^.=0, so f(x_0,y_0) = 0 (3) g(x_0,y_0) ...

A noncylindrical ruled surface always has a parameterization of the form x(u,v)=sigma(u)+vdelta(u), (1) where |delta|=1, sigma^'·delta^'=0, and sigma is called the striction ...

A four-vector a_mu is said to be timelike if its four-vector norm satisfies a_mua^mu<0. One should note that the four-vector norm is nothing more than a special case of the ...