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The variable phi (also denoted am(u,k)) used in elliptic functions and elliptic integrals is called the amplitude (or Jacobi amplitude). It can be defined by phi = am(u,k) ...

The problem of determining how many nonattacking knights K(n) can be placed on an n×n chessboard. For n=8, the solution is 32 (illustrated above). In general, the solutions ...

Laguerre-Gauss quadrature, also called Gauss-Laguerre quadrature or Laguerre quadrature, is a Gaussian quadrature over the interval [0,infty) with weighting function ...

Let a, b, and c be the lengths of the legs of a triangle opposite angles A, B, and C. Then the law of cosines states a^2 = b^2+c^2-2bccosA (1) b^2 = a^2+c^2-2accosB (2) c^2 = ...

The second solution Q_l(x) to the Legendre differential equation. The Legendre functions of the second kind satisfy the same recurrence relation as the Legendre polynomials. ...

The Leibniz integral rule gives a formula for differentiation of a definite integral whose limits are functions of the differential variable, (1) It is sometimes known as ...

Let s=1/(sqrt(2pi))[Gamma(1/4)]^2=5.2441151086... (1) (OEIS A064853) be the arc length of a lemniscate with a=1. Then the lemniscate constant is the quantity L = 1/2s (2) = ...

Also called Radau quadrature (Chandrasekhar 1960). A Gaussian quadrature with weighting function W(x)=1 in which the endpoints of the interval [-1,1] are included in a total ...

(d^2V)/(dv^2)+[a-2qcos(2v)]V=0 (1) (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972; Zwillinger 1997, p. 125), having solution y=C_1C(a,q,v)+C_2S(a,q,v), (2) where C(a,q,v) and S(a,q,v) are ...

A function I_n(x) which is one of the solutions to the modified Bessel differential equation and is closely related to the Bessel function of the first kind J_n(x). The above ...