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The orthic axis of the excentral triangle, which is central line L_1 (Casey 1888, p. 177; Kimberling 1998, p. 150) and therefore has trilinear equation alpha+beta+gamma=0. It ...

In most computer programs and computing environments, the precision of any calculation (even including addition) is limited by the word size of the computer, that is, by ...

A classic arithmetical problem probably first posed by Euclid and investigated by various authors in the Middle Ages. The problem is formulated as a dialogue between the two ...

An algorithm that can be used to factor a polynomial f over the integers. The algorithm proceeds by first factoring f modulo a suitable prime p via Berlekamp's method and ...

In discrete percolation theory, bond percolation is a percolation model on a regular point lattice L=L^d in d-dimensional Euclidean space which considers the lattice graph ...

A two-dimensional binary (k=2) totalistic cellular automaton with a von Neumann neighborhood of range r=1. It has a birth rule that at least 2 of its 4 neighbors are alive, ...

A Cartan matrix is a square integer matrix who elements (A_(ij)) satisfy the following conditions. 1. A_(ij) is an integer, one of {-3,-2,-1,0,2}. 2. A_(ii)=2 the diagonal ...

A complete set of mutually conjugate group elements. Each element in a group belongs to exactly one class, and the identity element (I=1) is always in its own class. The ...

A covariant tensor, denoted with a lowered index (e.g., a_mu) is a tensor having specific transformation properties. In general, these transformation properties differ from ...

Differential evolution is a stochastic parallel direct search evolution strategy optimization method that is fairly fast and reasonably robust. Differential evolution is ...