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A generalized Fourier series is a series expansion of a function based on the special properties of a complete orthogonal system of functions. The prototypical example of ...

A Gröbner basis G for a system of polynomials A is an equivalence system that possesses useful properties, for example, that another polynomial f is a combination of those in ...

Eigenvectors are a special set of vectors associated with a linear system of equations (i.e., a matrix equation) that are sometimes also known as characteristic vectors, ...

The word "base" in mathematics is used to refer to a particular mathematical object that is used as a building block. The most common uses are the related concepts of the ...

The rule which determines the orientation of the cross product u×v. The right-hand rule states that the orientation of the vectors' cross product is determined by placing u ...

The winding number W(theta) of a map f(theta) with initial value theta is defined by W(theta)=lim_(n->infty)(f^n(theta)-theta)/n, which represents the average increase in the ...

The south pole is the point on a sphere with minimum z-coordinate for a given coordinate system. For a rotating sphere like the Earth, the natural coordinate system is ...

A generic word for a very large number. The term has no well-defined mathematical meaning. Conway and Guy (1996) define the nth zillion as 10^(3n+3) in the American system ...

A cubic spline is a spline constructed of piecewise third-order polynomials which pass through a set of m control points. The second derivative of each polynomial is commonly ...

An abstract machine is a model of a computer system (considered either as hardware or software) constructed to allow a detailed and precise analysis of how the computer ...