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Bertrand's postulate, also called the Bertrand-Chebyshev theorem or Chebyshev's theorem, states that if n>3, there is always at least one prime p between n and 2n-2. ...

A module M over a unit ring R is called flat iff the tensor product functor - tensor _RM (or, equivalently, the tensor product functor M tensor _R-) is an exact functor. For ...

Four or more points P_1, P_2, P_3, P_4, ... which lie on a circle C are said to be concyclic. Three points are trivially concyclic since three noncollinear points determine a ...

The Lyapunov condition, sometimes known as Lyapunov's central limit theorem, states that if the (2+epsilon)th moment (with epsilon>0) exists for a statistical distribution of ...

The Wolstenholme numbers are defined as the numerators of the generalized harmonic number H_(n,2) appearing in Wolstenholme's theorem. The first few are 1, 5, 49, 205, 5269, ...

The Ramsey number R(m,n) gives the solution to the party problem, which asks the minimum number of guests R(m,n) that must be invited so that at least m will know each other ...

The only Wiedersehen surfaces are the standard round spheres. The conjecture was proven by combining the Berger-Kazdan comparison theorem with A. Weinstein's results for n ...

Let W(u) be a Wiener process. Then where V_t=f(W(t),tau) for 0<=tau=T-t<=T, and f in C^(2,1)((0,infty)×[0,T]). Note that while Ito's lemma was proved by Kiyoshi Ito (also ...

A set which is connected but not simply connected is called multiply connected. A space is n-multiply connected if it is (n-1)-connected and if every map from the n-sphere ...

The nullity of a linear transformation f:V->W of vector spaces is the dimension of its null space. The nullity and the map rank add up to the dimension of V, a result ...