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A characterization of normal spaces with respect to the definition given by Kelley (1955, p. 112) or Willard (1970, p. 99). It states that the topological space X is normal ...

The term "total curvature" is used in two different ways in differential geometry. The total curvature, also called the third curvature, of a space curve with line elements ...

The triangular grid graph T_n is the lattice graph obtained by interpreting the order-(n+1) triangular grid as a graph, with the intersection of grid lines being the vertices ...

A trochoid is the locus of a point at a distance b from the center of a circle of radius a rolling on a fixed line. A trochoid has parametric equations x = aphi-bsinphi (1) y ...

The vertex figure at a vertex V of a polygon is the line segment joining the midpoints of the two adjacent sides meeting at V. For a regular n-gon with side length a, the ...

A surface which can be interpreted as a self-intersecting rectangle in three dimensions. The Whitney umbrella is the only stable singularity of mappings from R^2 to R^3. It ...

A convex polyomino (sometimes called a "convex polygon") is a polyomino whose perimeter is equal to that of its minimal bounding box (Bousquet-Mélou et al. 1999). ...

An automorphic graph is a distance-transitive graph Gamma for which the automorphism group Aut(Gamma) acts primitively on the vertices of Gamma and is not a complete graph or ...

A "beam detector" for a given curve C is defined as a curve (or set of curves) through which every line tangent to or intersecting C passes. The shortest 1-arc beam detector, ...

A box-and-whisker plot (sometimes called simply a box plot) is a histogram-like method of displaying data, invented by J. Tukey. To create a box-and-whisker plot, draw a box ...