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A sphere with a single cross-cap. This term is more appropriate in purely topological applications than the more common term real projective plane, which implies the presence ...

Given two crossed ladders resting against two buildings, what is the distance between the buildings? Let the height at which they cross be h and the lengths of the ladders ...

A cryptographic hash function is most commonly one of the following: a one-way hash function, a collision-free hash function, a trapdoor one-way hash function, or a function ...

The Császár polyhedron is a polyhedron that is topologically equivalent to a torus which was discovered in the late 1940s by Ákos Császár (Gardner 1975). It has 7 polyhedron ...

Ueberhuber (1997, p. 71) and Krommer and Ueberhuber (1998, pp. 49 and 155-165) use the word "quadrature" to mean numerical computation of a univariate integral, and ...

Given the above figure (without looking at the figure below!), determine how to disengage the two slotted cube halves without cutting, breaking, or distorting. One possible ...

An equation of the form y=ax^3+bx^2+cx+d, (1) where the three roots of the equation coincide (and are therefore real), i.e., y=a(x-r)^3=a(x^3-3rx^2-3r^2x-r^3). (2) Loomis ...

Let phi(t) be the characteristic function, defined as the Fourier transform of the probability density function P(x) using Fourier transform parameters a=b=1, phi(t) = ...

A plot of the cumulative frequency against the upper class boundary with the points joined by line segments. Any continuous cumulative frequency curve, including a cumulative ...

An oval dissected into pieces which are to used to create pictures. The resulting figures resemble those constructed out of tangrams.