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The single bar | is a notation variously used to denote the absolute value |x|, complex modulus |z|, vector norm |x|, determinant |A|, or "divides" (a|b).

The function from a given nonempty set X to the power set P(X) that maps every element x of X to the set {x}.

A function possessing a single period in the complex plane is said to be singly periodic, of often simply periodic. Singly periodic functions include the trigonometric ...

The partial differential equation del ^2u+lambda^2sinhu=0, where del ^2 is the Laplacian (Ting et al. 1987; Zwillinger 1997, p. 135).

The south pole is the point on a sphere with minimum z-coordinate for a given coordinate system. For a rotating sphere like the Earth, the natural coordinate system is ...

A symbol used to represent a Boolean statement in logic that can take the value either true or false. All statement letters are statements forms (Mendelson 1997, p. 13).

The ordinal number of a value in a list arranged in a specified order (usually decreasing).

A function f(x) is said to be strictly decreasing on an interval I if f(b)<f(a) for all b>a, where a,b in I. On the other hand, if f(b)<=f(a) for all b>a, the function is ...

A function f(x) is said to be strictly increasing on an interval I if f(b)>f(a) for all b>a, where a,b in I. On the other hand, if f(b)>=f(a) for all b>a, the function is ...

An n×n array of the integers from 1 to n^2 such that the difference between any one integer and its neighbor (horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, without wrapping ...