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A linkage invented in 1630 by Christoph Scheiner for making a scaled copy of a given figure. The linkage is pivoted at O; hinges are denoted circledot . By placing a pencil ...

A papal cross is a cross having three crossbars. A schematic polyomino version of a papal cross is illustrated above.

An expanded paper bag, cushion, or pillow has a distinctive shape. Given the dimensions of a flat rectangular bag with dimensions a, b, bounds for the maximum volume of ...

The paper folding constant is the constant given by P = sum_(k=0)^(infty)1/(2^(2^k))(1-1/(2^(2^(k+2))))^(-1) (1) = sum_(k=0)^(infty)(8^(2^k))/(2^(2^(k+2))-1) (2) = ...

Starting with the circle P_1 tangent to the three semicircles forming the arbelos, construct a chain of tangent circles P_i, all tangent to one of the two small interior ...

The Pappus configuration is the 9_3 configuration illustrated above that appears in Pappus's hexagon theorem. It is one of the three 9_3 configurations. The Levi graph of the ...

The Pappus graph is a cubic symmetric distance-regular graph on 18 vertices, illustrated above in three embeddings. It is Hamiltonian and can be represented in LCF notation ...

The Pappus spiral is the name given to the conical spiral with parametric equations x(t) = asin(alphat)cost (1) y(t) = asin(alphat)sint (2) x(t) = acos(alphat) (3) by ...

The first theorem of Pappus states that the surface area S of a surface of revolution generated by the revolution of a curve about an external axis is equal to the product of ...

AW, AB, and AY in the above figure are in a harmonic range.