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The diameter of a circle is the distance from a point on the circle to a point pi radians away, and is the maximum distance from one point on a circle to another. The ...

v=(dr)/(dt), (1) where r is the radius vector and d/dt is the derivative with respect to time. Expressed in terms of the arc length, v=(ds)/(dt)T^^, (2) where T^^ is the unit ...

In statistical mechanics, the two-dimensional Ising model is a popular tool used to study the dipole moments of magnetic spins. The Ising model in two dimensions is a type of ...

A great circle is a section of a sphere that contains a diameter of the sphere (Kern and Bland 1948, p. 87). Sections of the sphere that do not contain a diameter are called ...

The map projection having transformation equations x = (lambda-lambda_0)cosphi_1 (1) y = phi, (2) and the inverse formulas are phi = y (3) lambda = lambda_0+xsecphi_1, (4) ...

The empire problem, also known as the m-pire problem) asks for the maximum number of colors needed to color countries such that no two countries sharing a common border have ...

Several cylindrical equidistant projections were devised by R. Miller. Miller's projections have standard parallels of phi_1=37 degrees30^' (giving minimal overall scale ...

The Peters projection is a cylindrical equal-area projection that de-emphasizes the exaggeration of areas at high latitudes by shifting the standard latitude to phi_s=44.138 ...

The spherical curve obtained when moving along the surface of a sphere with constant speed, while maintaining a constant angular velocity with respect to a fixed diameter ...

The phrase dependent percolation is used in two-dimensional discrete percolation to describe any general model in which the states of the various graph edges (in the case of ...