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The genus gamma(G) of a graph G is the minimum number of handles that must be added to the plane to embed the graph without any crossings. A graph with genus 0 is embeddable ...

Vassiliev invariants, discovered around 1989, provided a radically new way of looking at knots. The notion of finite type (a.k.a. Vassiliev) knot invariants was independently ...

Specifying two adjacent side lengths a and c of a triangle (with a<c) and one acute angle A opposite a does not, in general, uniquely determine a triangle. If sinA<a/c, there ...

A bra <psi| is a vector living in a dual vector space to that containing kets |psi>. Bras and kets are commonly encountered in quantum mechanics. Bras and kets can be ...

Various forms of opening and closing bracket-like delimiters are used for a number of distinct notational purposes in mathematics. The most common variants of bracket ...

For a general quadrilateral with sides of length a, b, c, and d, the area K is given by (1) where s=1/2(a+b+c+d) (2) is the semiperimeter, A is the angle between a and d, and ...

The line segment KO^_ joining the symmedian point K and circumcenter O of a given triangle. It is the diameter of the triangle's Brocard circle, and lies along the Brocard ...

A Brocard line is a line from any of the vertices A_i of a triangle DeltaA_1A_2A_3 to the first Omega or second Omega^' Brocard point. Let the angle at a vertex A_i also be ...

A leg of a right triangle (i.e., a side adjacent the right angle) is also known as a cathetus (plural: catheti). While this usage is rather rare in English, the terms ...

Let A_1, A_2, A_3, and A_4 be four points on a circle, and H_1, H_2, H_3, H_4 the orthocenters of triangles DeltaA_2A_3A_4, etc. If, from the eight points, four with ...