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The inverse secant sec^(-1)z (Zwillinger 1995, p. 465), also denoted arcsecz (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 79; Harris and Stocker 1998, p. 315; Jeffrey 2000, p. 124), is ...

In the fields of functional and harmonic analysis, the Littlewood-Paley decomposition is a particular way of decomposing the phase plane which takes a single function and ...

Lorentzian n-space is the inner product space consisting of the vector space R^n together with the n-dimensional Lorentzian inner product. In the event that the (1,n-1) ...

In the field of percolation theory, the term percolation threshold is used to denote the probability which "marks the arrival" (Grimmett 1999) of an infinite connected ...

Consider a game, first proposed by Nicolaus Bernoulli, in which a player bets on how many tosses of a coin will be needed before it first turns up heads. The player pays a ...

The total number of contravariant and covariant indices of a tensor. The rank R of a tensor is independent of the number of dimensions N of the underlying space. An intuitive ...

For a single variate X having a distribution P(x) with known population mean mu, the population variance var(X), commonly also written sigma^2, is defined as ...

The Spencer-Brown form is a simple mathematical concept that formalizes what a mathematical object is formally identical to what it is not (Spencer-Brown 1997, pp. ix and ...

Eigenvalues are a special set of scalars associated with a linear system of equations (i.e., a matrix equation) that are sometimes also known as characteristic roots, ...

A floating-point number is a finite or infinite number that is representable in a floating-point format, i.e., a floating-point representation that is not a NaN. In the IEEE ...