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Landau (1911) proved that for any fixed x>1, sum_(0<|I[rho]|<=T)x^rho=-T/(2pi)Lambda(x)+O(lnT) as T->infty, where the sum runs over the nontrivial Riemann zeta function zeros ...

Let T be an ergodic endomorphism of the probability space X and let f:X->R be a real-valued measurable function. Then for almost every x in X, we have 1/nsum_(j=1)^nf ...

A function, or the symbol representing a function, which corresponds to English conjunctions such as "and," "or," "not," etc. that takes one or more truth values as input and ...

A differential equation is an equation that involves the derivatives of a function as well as the function itself. If partial derivatives are involved, the equation is called ...

A statistical distribution whose variables can take on only discrete values. Abramowitz and Stegun (1972, p. 929) give a table of the parameters of most common discrete ...

The expectation value of a function f(x) in a variable x is denoted <f(x)> or E{f(x)}. For a single discrete variable, it is defined by <f(x)>=sum_(x)f(x)P(x), (1) where P(x) ...

A place nu of a number field k is an isomorphism class of field maps k onto a dense subfield of a nondiscrete locally compact field k_nu. In the function field case, let F be ...

The Fourier cosine transform of a real function is the real part of the full complex Fourier transform, F_x^((c))[f(x)](k) = R[F_x[f(x)](k)] (1) = ...

Any symmetric polynomial (respectively, symmetric rational function) can be expressed as a polynomial (respectively, rational function) in the elementary symmetric ...

A continuous transformation from one function to another. A homotopy between two functions f and g from a space X to a space Y is a continuous map G from X×[0,1]|->Y such ...