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In December 1920, M. Schönfinkel presented in a report to the Mathematical Society in Göttingen a new type of formal logic based on the concept of a generalized function ...

In general, the word "complement" refers to that subset F^' of some set S which excludes a given subset F. Taking F and its complement F^' together then gives the whole of ...

The figure determined by four lines, no three of which are concurrent, and their six points of intersection (Johnson 1929, pp. 61-62). Note that this figure is different from ...

A complete k-partite graph is a k-partite graph (i.e., a set of graph vertices decomposed into k disjoint sets such that no two graph vertices within the same set are ...

A matrix whose elements may contain complex numbers. The matrix product of two 2×2 complex matrices is given by (1) where R_(11) = ...

The theory of classifying problems based on how difficult they are to solve. A problem is assigned to the P-problem (polynomial-time) class if the number of steps needed to ...

The nesting of two or more functions to form a single new function is known as composition. The composition of two functions f and g is denoted f degreesg, where f is a ...

A curve with polar coordinates, r=b+asectheta (1) studied by the Greek mathematician Nicomedes in about 200 BC, also known as the cochloid. It is the locus of points a fixed ...

The confocal ellipsoidal coordinates, called simply "ellipsoidal coordinates" by Morse and Feshbach (1953) and "elliptic coordinates" by Hilbert and Cohn-Vossen (1999, p. ...

The conjugate gradient method can be applied on the normal equations. The CGNE and CGNR methods are variants of this approach that are the simplest methods for nonsymmetric ...