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For K a given knot in S^3, choose a Seifert surface M^2 in S^3 for K and a bicollar M^^×[-1,1] in S^3-K. If x in H_1(M^^) is represented by a 1-cycle in M^^, let x^+ denote ...

A fractional integral of order 1/2. The semi-integral of t^lambda is given by D^(-1/2)t^lambda=(t^(lambda+1/2)Gamma(lambda+1))/(Gamma(lambda+3/2)), so the semi-integral of ...

A fractional derivative of order 1/2. The semiderivative of t^lambda is given by D^(1/2)t^lambda=(t^(lambda-1/2)Gamma(lambda+1))/(Gamma(lambda+1/2)), so the semiderivative of ...

A seminorm is a function on a vector space V, denoted ||v||, such that the following conditions hold for all v and w in V, and any scalar c. 1. ||v||>=0, 2. ||cv||=|c|||v||, ...

The sum of the absolute squares of the spherical harmonics Y_l^m(theta,phi) over all values of m is sum_(m=-l)^l|Y_l^m(theta,phi)|^2=(2l+1)/(4pi). (1) The double sum over m ...

Stochastic optimization refers to the minimization (or maximization) of a function in the presence of randomness in the optimization process. The randomness may be present as ...

Two integers (m,n) form a super unitary amicable pair if sigma^*(sigma^*(m))=sigma^*(sigma^*(n))=m+n, where sigma^*(n) is the unitary divisor function. The first few pairs ...

Taylor's inequality is an estimate result for the value of the remainder term R_n(x) in any n-term finite Taylor series approximation. Indeed, if f is any function which ...

The function psi(x)={x(1-(x^2)/(c^2))^2 for |x|<c; 0 for |x|>c (1) sometimes used in robust estimation. It has a minimum at x=-c/sqrt(5) and a maximum at x=c/sqrt(5), where ...

The distribution of the product X_1X_2...X_n of n uniform variates on the interval [0,1] can be found directly as P_(X_1...X_n)(u) = ...