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A point traced out twice as a closed curve is traversed. The maximum number of double points for a nondegenerate quartic curve is three. An ordinary double point is also ...

Let C be a smooth geometrically connected projective curve over F_q with q=p^s a prime power. Let infty be a fixed closed point of X but not necessarily F_q-rational. A ...

Elliptic rational functions R_n(xi,x) are a special class of rational functions that have nice properties for approximating other functions over the interval x in [-1,1]. In ...

The set containing no elements, commonly denoted emptyset or emptyset, the former of which is used in this work. These correspond to Wolfram Language and TeX characters ...

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 2 0 2 4 5 5 (1) The Entringer numbers E(n,k) (OEIS A008281) are the number of permutations of {1,2,...,n+1}, starting with k+1, which, after initially ...

A Euclidean number is a number which can be obtained by repeatedly solving the quadratic equation. Euclidean numbers, together with the rational numbers, can be constructed ...

For |z|<1, product_(k=1)^infty(1+z^k)=product_(k=1)^infty(1-z^(2k-1))^(-1). (1) Both of these have closed form representation 1/2(-1;z)_infty, (2) where (a;q)_infty is a ...

The extended mean-value theorem (Anton 1984, pp. 543-544), also known as the Cauchy mean-value theorem (Anton 1984, pp. 543) and Cauchy's mean-value formula (Apostol 1967, p. ...

A extension ring (or ring extension) of a ring R is any ring S of which R is a subring. For example, the field of rational numbers Q and the ring of Gaussian integers Z[i] ...

If a function f(x) is continuous on a closed interval [a,b], then f(x) has both a maximum and a minimum on [a,b]. If f(x) has an extremum on an open interval (a,b), then the ...