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A matchstick graph is a simple graph which has a graph embedding that is planar, for which all distances between vertices have unit distance, and which is non-degenerate (so ...

The Mittag-Leffler function (Mittag-Leffler 1903, 1905) is an entire function defined by the series E_alpha(z)=sum_(k=0)^infty(z^k)/(Gamma(alphak+1)) (1) for alpha>0. It is ...

The Möbius function is a number theoretic function defined by mu(n)={0 if n has one or more repeated prime factors; 1 if n=1; (-1)^k if n is a product of k distinct primes, ...

Newton's method, also called the Newton-Raphson method, is a root-finding algorithm that uses the first few terms of the Taylor series of a function f(x) in the vicinity of a ...

Origami is the Japanese art of paper folding. In traditional origami, constructions are done using a single sheet of colored paper that is often, though not always, square. ...

A power is an exponent to which a given quantity is raised. The expression x^a is therefore known as "x to the ath power." A number of powers of x are plotted above (cf. ...

In this work, the name Pythagoras's constant will be given to the square root of 2, sqrt(2)=1.4142135623... (1) (OEIS A002193), which the Pythagoreans proved to be ...

If there is an integer 0<x<p such that x^2=q (mod p), (1) i.e., the congruence (1) has a solution, then q is said to be a quadratic residue (mod p). Note that the trivial ...

A run is a sequence of more than one consecutive identical outcomes, also known as a clump. Let R_p(r,n) be the probability that a run of r or more consecutive heads appears ...

The term "snark" was first popularized by Gardner (1976) as a class of minimal cubic graphs with edge chromatic number 4 and certain connectivity requirements. (By Vizing's ...