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For an n-dimensional map, the Lyapunov characteristic exponents are given by sigma_i=lim_(N->infty)ln|lambda_i(N)| for i=1, ..., n, where lambda_i is the Lyapunov ...

An ellipse is a curve that is the locus of all points in the plane the sum of whose distances r_1 and r_2 from two fixed points F_1 and F_2 (the foci) separated by a distance ...

The term "cylinder" has a number of related meanings. In its most general usage, the word "cylinder" refers to a solid bounded by a closed generalized cylinder (a.k.a. ...

The minimal polynomial of a matrix A is the monic polynomial in A of smallest degree n such that p(A)=sum_(i=0)^nc_iA^i=0. (1) The minimal polynomial divides any polynomial q ...

A Lie algebra is said to be simple if it is not Abelian and has no nonzero proper ideals. Over an algebraically closed field of field characteristic 0, every simple Lie ...

The class of curve known as Dürer's conchoid appears in Dürer's work Instruction in Measurement with Compasses and Straight Edge (1525) and arose in investigations of ...

A normal distribution in a variate X with mean mu and variance sigma^2 is a statistic distribution with probability density function ...

Eigenvalues are a special set of scalars associated with a linear system of equations (i.e., a matrix equation) that are sometimes also known as characteristic roots, ...

An odd Mathieu function se_r(z,q) with characteristic value a_r.

The following three pieces of information completely determine the homeomorphic type of a surface (Massey 1996): 1. Orientability, 2. Number of boundary components, 3. Euler ...